There are various safety risks in the production process of chemical materials, and the following are some main aspects:

Fire and explosion risks

Leakage of flammable and explosive substances: Production often involves flammable and explosive chemical raw materials and products such as hydrogen, methane, gasoline, etc. Poor sealing or damage to equipment such as pipelines, valves, and storage tanks during storage, transportation, and use can lead to the leakage of these substances, which can mix with air to form explosive mixtures. When exposed to sources of fire, static electricity, lightning strikes, etc., they can cause combustion and explosion.

Chemical reaction out of control: Some chemical production reactions are strongly exothermic reactions. If the temperature, pressure, and feeding rate are not properly controlled during the reaction process, the reaction may lose control, leading to a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, equipment rupture, material leakage, and explosion. Such risks exist in reactions such as nitrification and polymerization.

Improper handling of hazardous substances: Improper handling of intermediate products, by-products, and waste materials in the production process may also cause fires and explosions. For example, some substances with spontaneous combustion may burn on their own when exposed to air.

Risk of poisoning and suffocation

Exposure to toxic substances: Many chemical materials such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, benzene, etc. are toxic. During production, maintenance, sampling and other operations, if personnel do not take effective protective measures, they may ingest toxic substances through breathing, skin contact and other means, leading to poisoning. Long term exposure to low concentrations of toxic substances may also cause chronic poisoning, causing damage to the human nervous system, respiratory system, blood system, etc.

Risk of confined space operations: When conducting maintenance, cleaning, and other operations in confined spaces such as reactors, storage tanks, and pipelines, if effective ventilation and gas detection are not carried out, there may be situations such as oxygen deficiency and toxic gas accumulation, which can lead to suffocation and poisoning accidents for operators entering.

Corrosion and leakage risks

The hazards of corrosive substances: Acidic and alkaline corrosive chemical materials such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide can corrode equipment and pipelines during storage and use if the material selection or protective measures are not in place, reducing their strength and sealing, leading to leakage. Once leaked, corrosive substances can cause serious harm to personnel, equipment, and the environment, and contact with the human body can result in burns.

Equipment aging and damage: Chemical production equipment operating under harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and strong corrosion for a long time is prone to problems such as aging, wear, and cracking. If the equipment is not maintained in a timely manner, these hidden dangers will gradually expand, ultimately leading to equipment leakage and causing safety accidents.

Other security risks

High temperature and high pressure hazards: Many chemical production processes require high temperature and high pressure conditions, such as petroleum cracking, ammonia synthesis, and other processes. High temperature may lead to a decrease in the performance and deformation of equipment materials, while high pressure can increase the stress on the equipment. Once the pressure bearing capacity of the equipment is insufficient or the safety relief device fails, accidents such as explosions and material spraying may occur, causing serious injuries to personnel and equipment.

Dust and noise hazards: In some chemical production processes, such as the crushing, screening, and transportation of solid materials, a large amount of dust is generated. Long term inhalation of these dust particles may lead to occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis. At the same time, various mechanical and power equipment in chemical production will generate noise during operation, and long-term exposure to high noise environments can cause damage to the hearing of workers.

Electrical safety risks: There are a large number of electrical equipment in chemical production workshops, such as motors, distribution cabinets, lighting facilities, etc. If the installation of electrical equipment is not standardized, poorly grounded, the circuit is aging, overloaded operation, etc., it may cause electrical fires, electric shocks and other accidents. In addition, in flammable and explosive places, if electrical equipment does not have explosion-proof performance, the generated electric sparks may also cause explosions.